22

After developing strong Metta toward oneself, a good friend, neutral and hated persons, Sayadaw presents twenty two categories to extend loving-kindness:

• five ways of "unspecified pervasion" (anodhiso pharaṇā):

1. all beings (sabbe sattā )
2. all breathing things (sabbe pāṇā bhāvapariyāpannā)
3. all creatures (sabbe bhūtā bhāvapariyāpannā)
4. all persons (sabbe puggalā bhāvapariyāpannā)
5. all with a personality (sabbe attabhāvapariyāpannā)

• seven ways of "specified pervasion" (anodhiso pharaṇā):

1. all women (sabbā itthiyo)
2. all men (sabbe purisā)
3. all Noble Ones (sabbe ariyā)
4. all non-Noble Ones (sabbe anariyā)
5. all deities (sabbe devā)
6. all humans (sabbe manussā)
7. all born in lower realms (sabbe vinipātikā)

• ten ways of "directional pervasion" (disā-pharaṇā):

1. of the eastern direction (puratthimāya disāya)
2. of the western direction (pacchimāya disāya)
3. of the northern direction (uttarā disāya)
4. of the southern direction (dakkhīṇāya disāya)
5. of the eastern intermediate direction (puratthimāya anudisāya)^[44]
6. of the western intermediate direction (pacchimāya anudisāya)
7. of the northern intermediate direction (uttarā anudisāya)
8. of the southern intermediate direction (dakkhīṇāya anudisāya)
9. of the downward direction (heṭṭhimāya disāya)
10. of the upward direction (uparimāya disāya).